
A spectrometer is a precision instrument used for compositional analysis based on the absorption, emission, or scattering properties of substances with light. By resolving composite light into monochromatic components of varying wavelengths, it generates characteristic spectra to enable qualitative and quantitative identification of material compositions. Spectrometers find extensive applications in fields such as material characterization, environmental monitoring, and industrial inspection. A barium tungsten electrode is a high-performance cathode material composed of a tungsten matrix doped with barium. The combination of…